NURS 6003 Self Assessment neurobiology And Medications Adherence Concepts
QUESTION 1
Motivation is a component of patient-focused interventions to enhance adherence. Based on the transtheoretical model, readiness to change can fluctuate across five stages. Which stage is represented by the patient who is aware that a problem exists and, while seriously thinking about overcoming it, has not yet committed to a plan of action?
A.PreparationB.ActionC.ContemplationD.Maintenance
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QUESTION 2
Serotonin (5HT) is a neurotransmitter associated with mood, sleep, and psychosis. There are several serotonin receptors all over the human body. A unique aspect of the second generation antipsychotics is their ability to block 5HT2a receptors. What is the effect of this inhibition?
A.Stabilizes dopamine concentrations in the CNSB.Induces anxietyC.Causes hallucinationsD.Reduces platelet function
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QUESTION 3
The synaptic cleft is best characterized by which of the following statements?
A.The synaptic cleft is the space between a single neuron’s dendrites and axon terminals in which intracellular communication occurs through the release of neurotransmitters allowing for signal conduction throughout the central nervous system.B.The synaptic cleft is the space between the cell body and axon terminals that allows for release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron for intercellular communication with an adjacent neuron (post synaptic neuron).C.The synaptic cleft is an area where dendrites and axon terminals are within close proximity, allowing for the release of a neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron that can interact with receptors on dendritic cells of a post synaptic neuron, which is the main basis for intercellular communication of neurons.
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QUESTION 4
Of the components of patient-focused interventions to enhance adherence, which component includes the following strategies: adaptive thinking, use of cues, and support?
A.MotivationB.SkillsC.LogisticsD.Education
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QUESTION 5
The human brain is subcategorized into four major structures. These structures include the cerebral cortex, brainstem, subcortical structures, and the cerebellum. Of these major categories, which one houses the area of the brain that has been found in some neuropathological studies of patients with schizophrenia to be of smaller size?
A.Cerebral cortexB.BrainstemC.Subcortical structuresD.Cerebellum
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QUESTION 6
Neurotransmission is unidirectional insofar as chemical and electrical conduction is concerned within the individual neuron. Of the following descriptions, which best characterizes the order of neurotransmitter/receptor interaction that results in an electrical signal impulse and the release of another neurotransmitter for interaction in the synaptic cleft (signal conduction through a neuron)?
A.Cell body, dendrites, Axon, Axon terminalsB.Dendrites, Axon, Cell body, Axon, Axon terminalsC.Dendrites, Cell body, Axon, Axon terminalsD.Axon terminals, Axon, Cell body, Dendrites
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QUESTION 7
Neurotransmitters are defined by four essential characteristics. These are:
A.Neurotransmitters are synthesized within presynaptic neurons.B.Depolarization of a neuron results in the release of a neurotransmitter, which exerts a multitude of actions on the postsynaptic neuron.C.Their action on postsynaptic neurons can be replicated by administering a drug that mimics the activity of the endogenous neurotransmitter.D.Their action in the synaptic cleft is terminated by a specific action.E.A, C, and D only
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QUESTION 8
When dopamine (subtype 2) receptors are blocked in this pathway (system), it is evident by EPS.
A.MesocorticalB.TuberoinfundibularC.NigrostriatalD.Mesolimbic
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QUESTION 9
Introducing adherence in facilitating treatment goals is something that would be necessary in a patient who has previously displayed nonadherence patterns.
A.TrueB.False
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QUESTION 10
A patient arrives in the ED via EMS having a grand mal seizure. The ED physician instructs the RN to give 10 milligrams of Diazepam IV X1 dose STAT. The patient’s seizure breaks within 2 minutes of the Diazepam being administered. The mechanism by which this medication causes rapid resolution of seizure activity is via which receptor type (effector pathway/receptor subtype)?
A.Slow effector pathways/G-protein coupled receptorB.Slow effector pathway/ion channelC.Rapid effector pathways/G-protein coupled receptorD.Rapid effector pathway/ion channel
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QUESTION 11
Treatment adherence is affected by several different factors. Clinical factors include mood, anxiety, psychosis, and substance misuse. There are also patient factors such as knowledge, attitude, and beliefs; economic and racial/ethnic disparities, and clinical encounters. A patient who presents hopeless, with decreased energy, and poor concentration is affected by which factor?
A.Substance misuseB.Knowledge deficitsC.Attitude ad belief systemD.Mood
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QUESTION 12
Glia cells play a supportive role to the neuron. A few of the functions of the glial cells include providing nutrition, maintaining homeostasis, stabilizing synapses, and myelinating axons. The glial cells are categorized as microglia and macroglia. Of these two cell types, which one plays an active and critical role in glutamatergic neurotransmission by providing a co-agonist required for glutamate receptor function?
A.microglialB.macroglial
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QUESTION 13
Upon blocking a Serotonin reuptake pump, what happens in the synaptic cleft and on the post synaptic cell membrane?
A.The result will be an increase in available Serotonin in the synaptic cleft causing the post synaptic cell to increase the number of Serotonin receptors.B.The result will be an increase in the available Serotonin in the synaptic cleft causing the post synaptic neuron to reduce the number of Serotonin receptors.C.The result will be an increase in Serotonin in the synaptic cleft resulting in an increase in reuptake pumps on the presynaptic neuron.D.The result will be an increase in Serotonin in the synaptic cleft resulting in a decrease in reuptake pumps on the pre-synaptic neuron.
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QUESTION 14
G-protein coupled receptors are examples of what type of effector pathway?
A.Slow effector pathwaysB.Rapid effector pathwaysC.NMDA glutamate receptor pathwaysD.Modulated effector pathways
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QUESTION 15
Which neurotransmitter is considered the major excitatory neurotransmitter?
A.GlycineB.GABAC.GlutamateD.Serotonin
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QUESTION 16
If a patient admits to taking his medication every other day (instead of daily, as prescribed), a potential concern would be:
A.Sufficient understanding or acceptance of the illnessB.Abuse of the medicationC.ExpenseD.Is the desired effect recognized at a lower daily dose?
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QUESTION 17
G-protein coupled receptors are targets for several psychiatric medications. Given what we know about these receptors, what is the ultimate result we will see when one of them is activated in a way that would potentiate an action?
A.Intracellular activation of second messengersB.Protein phosphorylationC.Modification of gene expression
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QUESTION 18
Receptors trigger one of two effector pathways resulting in changes in neuronal activity. These changes will, ultimately, effect gene expression. Which effector pathway is characterized by ion flux through transmitter-activated channels resulting in an altered membrane potential and neuronal activity?
A.Slow effector pathwaysB.Modulated effector pathwaysC.Rapid effector pathwaysD.NMDA glutamate receptor pathways
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QUESTION 19
1Neurons are classified in several different ways. From the following statements, select which ones are true.The two structural classifications are projection neurons and local inter-neurons.Function classifications are made up of two subcategories: excitatory and inhibitory.Histological classification includes bipolar, unipolar, and multipolar.Classifications using a combination of structural, functional, and neurotransmitter type provide the most robust and useful description.
Classification by neurotransmitter type alone provides the most useful description.
A.I onlyB.III onlyC.I, II, and V onlyD.I, II, III, IV, and VE.I, III, and IV
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QUESTION 20
Which of the following consists of all the known major neurotransmitters that are relevant in psychiatry?
A.glutamate, GABA, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, histamine, steroids, nitric oxideB.glutamate, GABA, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, endogenous opioids, steroids, cannabinoids, nitric oxideC.glutamate, GABA, dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, endogenous opioids, nitric oxide, cannabinoids, steroidsD.glutamate, GABA, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, endogenous opioids, steroids, histamine, nitric oxide
Grading Rubric Accomplished Emerging Unsatisfactory Content Points Range:62.25 (41.50%) – 75 (50.00%) Responds clearly, thoroughly, and effectively to all aspects of the assignment. All content is accurate and/or supported. Points Range:57 (38.00%) – 61.5 (41.00%) Responds adequately to the assignment but may not be thorough. Points Range:0 (0.00%) – 56.25 (37.50%) Does not respond to the assignment. Focus and Detail Points Range:31.125 (20.75%) – 37.5 (25.00%) There is a clear, well-focused topic. Main ideas are clear and are well supported by detailed and accurate information gathered from scholarly sources. Points Range:28.5 (19.00%) – 30.75 (20.50%) There is a clear, well-focused topic. Main ideas are clear but are not well supported by scholarly sources and detailed information. Points Range:0 (0.00%) – 28.125 (18.75%) The topic and main ideas are not clear. Organization Points Range:18.675 (12.45%) – 22.5 (15.00%) The introduction is inviting, states the main topic, and provides an overview of the paper. Information is relevant and presented in a logical order. The conclusion is strong. Points Range:17.1 (11.40%) – 18.45 (12.30%) The introduction states the main topic and provides an overview of the paper. A conclusion is included. Points Range:0 (0.00%) – 16.875 (11.25%) There is no clear introduction, structure, or conclusion. Mechanics and APA Points Range:12.45 (8.30%) – 15 (10.00%) The assignment consistently follows current APA format and is free of errors in formatting, citation, and references. There are no grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. All sources are correctly cited and referenced. Points Range:11.4 (7.60%) – 12.3 (8.20%) The assignment consistently follows current APA format with only isolated and inconsistent mistakes and/or has a few grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. Most sources are correctly cited and referenced. Points Range:0 (0.00%) – 11.25 (7.50%) The assignment does not follow current APA format and/or has many grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. Many sources are incorrectly cited and referenced or citations and references are missing.
