The purpose of this assignment is to be able to actively search for relevant research related to your PICOT topic and present it in a formal annotated bibliography.
Directions:
As you search the library for scholarly research, limit your search to identify empirical articles. You can use the “Empirical Research Checklist” to help with this determination. On finding an empirical study, assess the validity of the conclusion by determining if the conclusion answers your proposed research question and if the methodology is appropriate.
Using the “Empirical Research Checklist” and your knowledge of finding empirical research articles, locate six articles directly related to your proposed PICOT question. You may use the three you used for the assignment in Topic 4.
Write an annotation for each of the six articles that includes a concise summary in your own words and the correct APA citation for each article.
General Requirements:
Refer to, “Preparing Annotated Bibliographies,” located in the Student Success Center, for additional guidance on completing this assignment in the appropriate style.
Doctoral learners are required to use APA style for their writing assignments. The APA Style Guide is located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite TechnicalSupport articles for assistance.
TOPIC 1 DQ 1
In your own words, describe personal and research bias and explain why bias is one of the main reasons for poor validity in research outcomes. How could a quality improvement project (DPI Project) be affected if the research used had bias? How would the site be affected? Using one of the primary research articles you selected for you PICOT-D, discuss potential bias that could have occurred and how this affects the research outcomes and ultimately the validity of the studies. Is it still viable research for your DPI Project?
Personal bias refers to using one’s own personal beliefs and thoughts that can result in research bias. Research bias can occur consciously or unconsciously and can alter the research’s dependability. This may cause the study to be influenced by bias rather than be validated by accurate data. Several types of research bias include recall bias, selection bias, observation bias, confirmation bias and publishing bias (Common sources of bias n.d.). When performing a DPI project, the research and data requires an equal selection process called randomization to avoid selection bias. Furthermore, one of the main types of bias is confirmation bias where the researcher interprets research and data by looking for “information or patterns in their data that confirm the ideas or opinions that they already hold” (Common sources of bias n.d.). It is important to refrain from using personal opinions and supported sources.
If bias is used during a DPI project, there is a great possibility of developing skewed results and incorrect conclusions. This can cause the institution to update a policy, protocol and/or process that may lead to incorrect clinical practice, increased costs and potential for negative patient outcomes (Simundic, 2013).
Hwang & Kim’s (2021) quantitative study regarding completing the Early Warning Score during hand-off demonstrates facts and unbiased resources. The sample used is randomized departments within a healthcare setting based on surveys and medical records that are evaluated. I believe this is a viable research article for my DPI project of implementing EWS prior to hand-off to identify patients at risk for deterioration.
References
Common sources of bias. Health Study Evaluation Toolkit. (n.d.). Retrieved March 18, 2022, from https://www.understandinghealthresearch.org/useful-information/common-sources-of-bias-2
Hwang, J.-I., & Kim, S. W. (2022). Using an Early Warning Score for Nurse Shift Patient Handover: Before-and-after Study. Asian Nursing Research, 16(1), 18–24. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.anr.2021.12.005
Simundic, A.-M. (2013). Bias in research. Biochemia Medica, 12–15. https://doi.org/10.11613/bm.2013.003
