1. Make a table or flash cards to learn the definitions: ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, peristalsis, secretion, absorption, excretion 2. What are hydrolysis reactions and how are they related to digestion? 3. How is the digestive system regulated? Which division of the nervous system promotes secretion and motility? What other organ system regulates the digestive system? 4. Create a concept map, diagram (or use the diagram on p. 2 of this document) or flashcards to learn the following about the digestive system: a. order of the organs that make up the digestive tract b. where digestive processes. Include: ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion of carbs, proteins and/or fats, peristalsis, secretion, absorption c. enzyme names, role, source, site of action Include enzymes: amylase, pepsinogen/pepsin, trypsinogen/trypsin, brush border disaccharidase, brush border amino peptidase, lipase; accessory organs (e.g. salivary gland, pancreas) or name of specific cell type (e.g. stomach chief cell, small intestine brush border/epithelium, etc.] d. the names, source, role, site of action of other important molecules (e.g. mucous, saliva, HCl, bicarbonate, bile salts, etc.) found in each part 5. What does saliva contain, and what is the functions this component? 6. Describe what happens and what does not happen in the esophagus. 7. What is a zymogen and why would the body secrete molecules in this form? List all of the examples of zymogens we discussed. 8. What protective mechanisms are in place to prevent damage to the stomach by HCl and pepsin? 9. Where does the majority of digestion and absorption occur in the digestive tract? 10. Structure and function go hand in hand. Name and briefly describe the structural features of the small intestine which are important for its function of absorption and explain how those structural features promote absorption. 11. How does sugar and amino acid absorption differ from lipid absorption? 12. The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine function. Explain in words or make a concept map to include islets of Langerhans vs. acinar cells; pancreatic juice and its components; insulin & glucagon 13. What organ makes the bile and what organ stores, concentrates and release it? 14. What are the functions of the liver? 15. What are the functions of the large intestine, and what are the roles of the resident intestinal bacteria? ANSWERS MUST BE CLEARLY HANDWRITTEN PLEASE
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