NURS 6051 Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement
NURS 6051 Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement
The emergence of coronavirus disease of 2019 and the subsequent declaration by the World Health Organization as a public health concern caused a lot of panic, anxiety and restrictive practices and measures to control its spread and lethal effects. Over 300 million people have been infected by the virus so far with over 4.5 million dead. The U.S. leads in the number of deaths and infections. Efforts to contain the COVID-19 pandemic include vaccination of at high risk populations and individuals (WHO, 2021). Many countries, including the United States, do not have vaccine policies and this has affected intake of the jabs that were rolled out nearly a year ago. The purpose of this comparison matrix is to evaluate vaccination policies in the United States and Mexico, especially in relation to COVID-19 as recommended by the World Health Organization for countries to get a herd immunity and stop and prevent the spreads.
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Global Healthcare Issue Immunization/ Vaccination for COVID-19DescriptionThe international or global perspective on vaccines and immunization has always differed from one nation to another. The World Health Organization has always encouraged and implored its member states to embrace vaccines and immunizations as means of preventing infectious diseases and reducing their adverse effects if contracted. Vaccination for COVID-19 remains a global issue as the world focuses on stopping the spread of the infectious disease first detected in a wet Chinese market.CountryUnited States MexicoDescribe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issueWhile no federal policy exists on vaccinations in the country, with each state having its own requirements for children getting into public schools, the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated several mandates at all levels of government (CMS, 2021). Policies by the federal government include latest revised ones requiring employees to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19 disease.In Mexico, no mandatory COVID-19 vaccine policies exist but efforts focus on ensuring that more individuals get the jab. Like the U.S. the country has no vaccine policies, except for children enrolling in schools.What are the strengths of this policy?All states allow exemptions from vaccines on medical grounds while 45 allow on religious reasons. Another 15 states exempt people from vaccines on philosophical or personal beliefs. Subsequently, the rollout of COVID-19 jab also follows these guidelines with some states relaxing vaccination mandates and requirements (CMS, 2021).Mexico allows exemption from vaccination on religious and medical grounds. However, personal reasons cannot enable one to get exemption from vaccination (Jimenez & Gandy, 2021). The country’s efforts to vaccine against COVID-19 follows these trends as it is not mandatory.What are the weaknesses of this policy?Individuals and parents continue to express concerns about the number of vaccines that one should get apart from the COVID-19 jabs. The safety of these vaccines remains an issue of concern (The White House, 2021b). The population requires effective education to understand the impact of the vaccines.Vaccine-preventable diseases account for significant mortality and morbidity in developing nations like Mexico. The enforcement of increased vaccination against infectious diseases and even COVID-19 remains a challenge due to funding and infrastructural challenges (2020).Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples)Social determinants of health impact routine immunization for children; especially among lo-income populations. For instance too reduce mortality and morbidity associated with vaccinations, the needs of different populations must be met, especially access to better living conditions and information.Immunization obstacles reduce the rates of vaccination. For instance, lack of awareness on the importance of COVID-19 jab and other vaccines can impact herd immunity.How has each country’ government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue?The U.S. continues to address cost, quality and access through policies like the Affordable Care Act and using legislations as well as executive orders by the Biden administration (The White House, 2021). These include vaccine mandates to enhance the rate of vaccination against CIOVID-19. Mexico experiences funding challenges making it difficult for health populations to access vaccines on time. For instance, most of its COVID-19 vaccines are donated by nations like the U.S. and the World Health Organization under the COVAX facility (WHO, 2020).How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples)The existing policies on vaccination in the U.S. impacts global population’s health as they ensure that as many Americans as possible get vaccines, especially the COVID-19 vaccines. Exemptions impacts the ability of the world to ensure that all eligible persons get vaccinated to control the spread of COVID-19 disease (Jimenez & Gandy, 2021).Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurse in each country.Policies on vaccinations and immunizations impact the role of nurses in the U.S. as they are health promoters and educators (Corless et al., 2018). As primary care providers, they offer education and interact with patients to encourage them to take vaccines.Low rates of vaccinated individuals, especially against COVID-19, exposes nurses to life threatening diseases that affect their ability to offer quality care interventions (Jimenez & Gandy, 2021). Because of these challenges, they cannot execute their roles well and meet care needs.Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples)The issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies as it implores providers to get training on management of COVID-19 and its effects on patients (The White House, 2021). Training on public health emergencies is essential to address increased rates of infection. Global health issues like pandemics and epidemics affect local health organizations and policies in Mexico by requiring the government to develop responsive policies to encounter adverse effects of infectious diseases and protect its population while providing high quality care.General Notes/CommentsThe U.S. response to the COVID-19 pandemic and need to vaccinate its population demonstrate efforts to tackle global health care issues (The White House, 2021b). The existing policies on vaccination should be altered to help the country and its population prepare for and tackle any future health emergencies.Mexico continues to make efforts to access vaccines and offer to its population despite limited resources (Jimenez & Gandy, 2021). The vaccination policies in the country illustrate the need for a global approach to diseases by leveraging existing local resources.
Part 2: A Plan for Social Change
Social change is a deliberate process focused on the creation and application of ideas, and actions to promote the development of communities. Nurse leaders have a critical advocacy role for their patients and colleagues. As a nurse leader, having a global perspective is essential as it allows to advocate for patient’s education and awareness about COVID-19 jab and other critical vaccines, especially for children (Milstead & Short, 2019). Many Americans decline to take vaccines for different reasons due to the diversity that exists. However, a majority do not have sufficient education and awareness about the positive effects of vaccines and the protection that they offer. When patients have sufficient information on vaccines, they can make better and informed choices and decisions.
The incorporation of a global perspective impacts my local practice and role as a nurse leader as it implores one to work collaboratively with other in development of interventions to reduce exposure to infectious diseases. As a nurse leader, one must prioritize education and awareness among peers and the general population to minimize exposure and its adverse effects. The policy encourages nurse leaders to educate their communities so that they accept vaccines.
Further, the incorporation of global lens into local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change by imploring me to develop interventions that leverage the existing resources and tackles inequalities that hinder uptake of vaccines (Milstead & Short, 2019). The incorporation also means that I should develop effective interventions to minimize exposure among healthcare workers in various settings. The need for vaccines is important in the current dispensation as one must consider the effects of exposure to emerging infectious diseases that require effective control because of their adverse effects on populations.
Conclusion
COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the need to have active vaccine policies targeted at different health populations and individuals. Vaccine exempt policies make health populations vulnerable to adverse effects of emerging infectious diseases like the coronavirus disease. Therefore, the analysis based on this comparison implores healthcare providers like nurses to focus on effective interventions to reduce exposure and apply a global lens in their nursing practice.
References
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) (2021). COVID-19. https://www.cms.gov/covidvax-provider
Corless, I. B., Nardi, D., Milstead, J. A., Larson, E., Nokes, K. M., Orsega, S., … & Woith, W. (2018). Expanding nursing’s
role in responding to global pandemics 5/14/2018. Nursing outlook, 66(4), 412-415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.06.003
Jimenez, S. K. & Gandy, A. (2021). Infographic | Mexico’s Vaccine Supply and Distribution Efforts.
The White House (2021 November 4). Fact Sheet: Biden Administration Announces Details of Two Major Vaccination
Policies. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/11/04/fact-sheet-biden-administration-announces-details-of-two-major-vaccination-policies/
The White House (2021b September 9). Executive Order on Requiring Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination for Federal
Employees. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/09/09/executive-order-on-requiring-coronavirus-disease-2019-vaccination-for-federal-employees/
World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.
Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett
Learning.
