READ THIS BEFORE ATTEMPTING THE LAB MANUAL EXERCISES: This online lab is based on pages 57-60 of the LAVC Anthro 111 Lab Manual for Human Biological Evolution(7th Edition). However, please skip the questions on pages 59-60.
Resources
My lecture slides (PDF): 06_dentitionAnth111Kirwin2023.pdfDownload 06_dentitionAnth111Kirwin2023.pdf
Pre-recorded and captioned video lecture: Zoom pre-recorded lecture: Lab #6 (Ex. 6) Human Dentition
Exercise 6 in the Lab Manual for Anth 111 (PDF):Anth111Manual7Ex6HumanDentition.pdf Download Anth111Manual7Ex6HumanDentition.pdf[I updated the link to the correct PDF for Exercise 6 (earlier it was to Exercise 11 Primate Dentition). ~ Angela]
Lab Manual for Anth 111 (7th Edition) (Word doc): LAVCLabManual7thEditionc2019Word.docDownload LAVCLabManual7thEditionc2019Word.doc
Directions
The lab manual uses a simplified version of the FDI World Dental Federation notation system to number human teeth from center/front to back on the upper and bottom rows of teeth.*
Before attempting to complete these exercises, you must read the first two pages of Exercise 6 in the Lab Manual for Anth 111 and memorize the words for the different types of teeth in a human’s mouth, the letter-number code for each tooth, the dental formulas for human adult and baby teeth, and other dentition terms. The letter codes that describe each tooth and its location, Left or Right, and Top or Bottom, in a person’s mouth, are on pages 63-64 in the Lab Manual for Anth 111 (6th Ed.).
* Most dentists in the United States use a different numbering system. It According to my dentist, who teaches a dentistry class at UCLA, the current American system is called the American/Universal Numbering System. It numbers teeth beginning with the top row (maxilla teeth) on the patient’s right to left (beginning with the top right molar/wisdom tooth), and then the bottom row (mandibular teeth) on the patient’s left to right (beginning with the bottom left molar/wisdom tooth). Below is a graphic that shows how this numbering system works. (Personally, I found this system confusing and my dentist agreed. But it’s the one she must use.)
However, for this lab, you must use the system in the Lab Manual for Anth 111 (7th Edition), the FDI World Dental Federation notation system, to number human teeth.
Side of the mouth: It numbers teeth using letter codes that describe the side of the mouth (“L” for left and “R” for right)
Top row of teeth: It uses a superscript numeral to indicate upper teeth.
Bottom row of teeth: It uses a subscript numeral to indicate lower teeth.
Letter codes: It uses a capital letter code for each type of tooth (like “I” for incisor, “C” for canine, “P” for premolar, and “M” for molar).
Numbering of teeth types begins front and center: The teeth numbering begins with the front center incisor teeth towards the back molar teeth. The numbering system is described on the diagram of an anterior view of human upper and lower teeth on page 57 in the Lab Manual for Anth 111 (7th Edition.). It is under Exercise 6.1 “Basic Features of Human Dentition”.
Complete the following
Exercise 6.1 “Basic Features of Human Dentition” (pages 57-60)
Page 57: Identify the teeth that are labeled in the diagram on page 63 with an arrow and a capital letter (A, B, C, D, E, and F). Then write each tooth’s dental abbreviation for “Arrow A” etc. on the chart at the top of page 64.
–> Fix the following typo: For the second “Arrow D” space on page 64, the one that is closest to the number “64”, change it to say “Arrow E”.
(1) Begin each tooth’s abbreviation with each tooth’s side of the mouth in the diagram on page 63 (“R” is for “right” and “L” is for “left”).
(2) Then follow the “L” or “M” with each tooth’s dental abbreviation of a capital letter (“I” is for “incisor”, etc.). Dental abbreviations for the four types of teeth are incisor (I), canine (C), premolar (P), and molar (M).
(3) Then add its number, counting from the midline of the mouth. There are two incisors, one canine, two premolars, and three molars in each dental quadrant (one-half of the upper or lower jaw).
(4) Upper and Lower teeth: If the tooth is located in the upper jaw or maxilla, then its number is in superscript. If the tooth is the lower jaw or mandible, then its number is in subscript.
(5) For example, “Arrow A” in the diagram is abbreviated as “RM1” in the chart which stands for “Right Molar One (superscript).” In other words, “RM1” stands for “Right Upper Molar Number One”
Page 58: Complete the exercises. The answers regarding a “TYPICAL complete dental formula” and “the total number of teeth in a TYPICAL adult human” are in my lecture slides (PDF) and my recorded and captioned Zoom video (links to both are above).
Page 59: Skip the questions at the bottom of this page. It refers to a human skull, which you do not need for this 100% online class.
Page 60: Skip the questions at the top of this page. It refers to a human skull, which you do not need for this 100% online class.
Exercise 6.2 “Basic Features of the Human Jaw” (page 60).
There are no questions. Just memorize the following terms from the definitions and diagram of a human mandible:
Mandibular symphysis
Mental protuberance
Mental eminence
Study Questions 1-3 (page 67)
The answers to the “Study Questions” listed below are in my lecture slides, recorded Zoom lecture, and on pages 57-60 of the Lab Manual for Anth 111 (7th Edition).
1. “Humans, like all mammals, exhibit heterodonty and diphyodonty. What do these terms mean?”
2. “What is a dental formula? What is the normal human adult dental formula?”
3. “What are the differences between a Y-5 molar and an X-4 molar? Where is each type found in the human jaw?”
TYPO ALERT in the Lab Manual for Anth 111 (6th Edition)
Ignore the references to using a “Photographic Atlas” printed in the Lab Manual for Anth 111 (7th Edition) for Pierce College. The “Photographic Atlas” has not been used in this class for years. Ignore all mentions of it. You do not need this expensive and now out-of-print book.
Grading Rubric
7 points: Exercise 6.1 “Basic Features of Human Dentition” (pages 57-58)
0 points: Exercise 6.2 “Analysis of Dental Features” (page 60) (There are no questions to answer)
+ 3 points: Study Questions 1-3 (page 60)
10 points = Maximum points possible
Turn in
Where: Turn in your completed lab exercises to this Canvas Assignment, by clicking on the red “Submit” button.
Submission formats: Text or uploaded files (pdf,doc,docx,txt,jpg, png).
A. How to annotate (type on or edit) a PDF file online using your computer or tablet.
If you use a PDF file of the lab manual’s exercise pages, you can annotate (write on the file) using a free Chrome extension called Kami (Link: https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/kami-for-google-chrome/ecnphlgnajanjnkcmbpancdjoidceilk?hl=en&pli=1Links to an external site.
If you have Adobe Acrobat DC (you can get the student version, which is cheaper), you can annodate a PDF file of the lab manual’s exercise pages and upload the pages to this lab’s Canvas Assignment.
B. How to convert printed lab manual pages (paper) into a digital file you can upload to this lab’s Canvas Assignment:
You can scan the completed exercises on hard copies of the lab manual’s page using your smartphone! There is a free smartphone app called GeniusScan. (Link: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/scanner-app-genius-scan/id377672876Links to an external site. )
Or, you can scan the pages and convert them to a PDF file using a copier/scanning machine. Then you click on “Submit” on the Canvas Assignment and upload your work at an attached PDF file.
You can also use your smartphone’s camera to take photos of each page with exercises you completed and upload each digital photo file to the lab’s Canvas Assignment by clicking on “Submit” and attaching each file. I do not recommend this method because it takes a long time for you to do (and for me to grade) and I’ve noticed the photo quality is sometimes so bad that I cannot grade some students’ work.
You can also copy the text in a Google Doc, a Microsoft Word doc, or copy’n’paste it as text in a text box on this Assignment and hit “Submit”.
