This assignment meets the following objectives: CO (A,B&H) and MO (1&2)
Question: Explain the differences between express and implied consent.
Which type is more legally sound? Are express consents given by patients? If so, give examples.
Your initial post is due before Wensday evening at 11:59 pm EST.  Please copy and paste the question at the beginning of your initial response.  Be sure to
include a full APA formatted citation from your textbook and a full APA formatted citation from a peer-reviewed source for your initial post. The post
should be at least 300 original words.
Note below:
I have attached an example of an APA paper from Purdue Owl. Use this as an example of how to place your citations not only in your writing but at the end of your writing also. This is a format you will use in 90% of your academic careers and professional careers if you are
in a situation in which you will produce research.
Below you will find methods on how to find Peer Reviewed Journal Articles through UNG
Libraries and Google Scholar. Step by Step screenshots has been provided.
Step 1. Type UNG Library in the search bar.
Note below:
Example of a near perfect discussion post:
The topic of the discussion post should always be at the top.
Original word count for initial post should be 300 words. This does not include quotes, citations, or titles.
A minimum of one APA Peer Reviewed Citation is required.
Any work, information, or data used or written by someone else is to be cited.
Go to Purdue Owl APA for information on how to cite APA. I will drop a video this week on how to find a Peer Reviewed article.
Discussion Board Example:
What are three major benefits of an EHR to the patient, the clinician, and the healthcare facility?
The benefits of EHRs for patients are that it improves the quality of care, communication, and satisfaction. The benefits of EHRs for clinicians are that they quickly provide data for research or disease monitors, support evidence based on medicine, and decrease errors. The benefits of EHRs for a healthcare facility are that they decrease the cost of care, improve clinical decisions, and increase staff recruitment and productivity. For example, a research article discusses that patient access to their electronic health records is more likely to become part of the integral system of the healthcare organization. EHRs have the potential to decrease healthcare provision costs, improve access to healthcare data, and promote quality of care and health patient-centered outcomes. The addressed patients have access to their EHRs, via provider-secure patient portals from primary care institutions and hospitals. Therefore, the article’s findings were that patient access to their health information improved self-care-reported levels of engagement related to self-management and organizational efficiencies in a tertiary-level mental care institution. However, the article revealed no statistically significant effect of patient portals on health outcomes (Tapuria et al., 2021).
Consequently, the main concerns are security, privacy, and confidentiality of the electronic health records. This article’s findings will prompt healthcare providers with a framework to analyze and interpret the benefits offered by promoting patient access to EHRs and construct strategic approaches for their own specialties and clinical management. Also, implementation of patient access to their EHRs can demonstrate guidance for prioritizing the development or adoption of national/international standards while assisting and fulfilling the healthcare needs of the population, e.g., the UK Government is projecting to make a complete primary care record available online for everyone (patient). Lastly, establishing transparency and promoting personal
responsibility is essential to sustain EHRs in the healthcare system (Tapuria et al., 2021).
What are the major barriers to achieving patient safety, efficiency and effectiveness of care, and patient outcomes?
Barriers to patient safety are low levels of health literacy, ineffective education, patient unwillingness, and cultural barriers (Chegini et al., 2019).
Efficiency and Effectiveness of care barriers are gaining access to the healthcare system, access to the location of specialty services, and lack of communication with providers (Farely, 2019).
Patient outcomes barriers are an inadequate investigation of the root cause of the problem, inadequate improvement strategy, and incompatible organizational culture for change (Farely, 2019).
Find and briefly describe a peer-reviewed resource that discusses the role of EHRs on either patient safety, efficiency and effectiveness of care, or patient outcomes.
A research article discusses automated data extraction and natural language processing (NLP) are rapidly evolving in the healthcare field by collecting substantial amounts of data. The research article found that automated extraction of EHRs data had advanced impressively in the last decade, with actual data published on this topic. While the article is not a systematic review, the comprehensive approach highlighted that PEEP (phenotype extraction in epilepsy) is accurate for medication dosing and extracting vital information regarding epileptogenic zone and EEG patterns from EMU discharge summaries and ExECT (extraction of epilepsy clinical text) extracted from epilepsy diagnosis, abnormal findings on imaging, and seizure frequency. However, the algorithm performance variables have high variability due to some variables accurately extracted from EHRs by structured and unstructured fields such as sex and family history. In addition, another variable was extracted from compassionate data but with lower specificity, such as ethnicity, EEG, and MRI results. However, variables are unreliable to be extracted due to needing a multi-modal approach incorporating EEG findings, MRI findings, and structured and unstructured fields (Decker et al., 2021).
Consequently, there are limitations to assessing AED efficacy and effectiveness of care using EHRs data because frequency cannot be extracted reliably from the healthcare databases. The efficiency is crucial in the healthcare sector to promote the highest quality possible for the patients. The American Academy of Neurology has highlighted that documentation of seizure frequency is a recent quality measure; hence, unstructured data is used to extract these measures. Unstructured data can include telephone encounters, collateral history, and seizure diaries. On that note, classification and categorizing patient portal messages to appropriate triage communication can be used to identify types of messages associated with poor epilepsy control compared to routine communication. Therefore, future approaches can increase the efficacy and effectiveness of care by creating a semi-automated algorithm and comprehensively monitoring key sentences with subsequent manual review to extract seizure frequency quantitatively with higher accuracy. One downside of this future approach is that human review is required, which can be time-consuming if not done correctly. EHRs efficacy and effectiveness of care improves by establishing standards with periodic review to ensure that it projects the highest quality preventative measures (Decker et al., 2021).
In short, automated extraction methods continue to evolve due to rapid technological advancement in the healthcare system. EHRs efficacy must be accurate, so EHRs extraction of data is statistically valuable for creating epilepsy medications, procedures, or diagnostic tools. EHRs’ effectiveness of care is essential because the EHRs applications must be effective to perform their purpose of improving the overall quality of care (Decker et al., 2021).
References
Chegini, Z., Janati, A., Babaie, J., & Pouraghaei, M. (2019). Exploring the barriers to patient engagement in the delivery of safe care in Iranian hospitals: A qualitative study. Nursing open, 7(1), 457–465. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.411
Decker, B. M., Hill, C. E., Baldassano, S. N., & Khankhanian, P. (2021). Can antiepileptic efficacy and epilepsy variables be studied from electronic health records? A review of current approaches. Seizure, 85, 138-144.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2020.11.011
Farley H. (2019). Promoting self-efficacy in patients with chronic disease beyond traditional education: A literature review. Nursing open, 7(1), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.382
Tapuria, A., Porat, T., Kalra, D., Dsouza, G., Xiaohui, S., & Curcin, V. (2021). Impact of patient access to their electronic health record: systematic review. Informatics for Health and Social Care, 46(2), 194-206.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17538157.2021.1879810

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