Unit 2 Assignment CAM Paper. 2000w. due 18. 5 references.
Instructions
Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were findings that 38% of adults use CAM [complementary and alternative medical] health care modalities.Construct a professional paper that outlines how the use of the following CAM health care modalities impacts the cardiovascular system.
o Ginseng
o Hawthorn
o L-Arginine
o St. John’s Wort
For each of the modalities the discussion must include:
o effect on the cardiovascular system
o anticipated benefits
o any identified risks or adverse effects
o relative patient education
o supporting reference from scholarly literature.
Requirements
·
o Prepare and submit a minimum of a 6 page paper pages [excluding title and reference pages].
o Format consistent with APA style without an abstract page.
o Answer all the questions above.
o Please review the rubric to ensure that your assignment meets criteria.
example
Herbal remedies were the standard method of treatment for disease before to the
development of modern pharmaceuticals. The usage of herbal remedies in the United States, both
for the treatment of diseases and the prevention of diseases, has seen a significant growth in
recent years (Arcangelo et al., 2021). Plants are the source of herbal medications, which are
considered by many people to be risk-free since they are products of nature (Arcangelo et al.,
2021). In this piece of writing, we will examine the effects that taking Ginseng, Hawthorne, LArginine,
and St. John’s Wort can have on the cardiovascular system.
Ginseng
Ginseng may provide a variety of cardiovascular advantages, including cardioprotection,
antihypertensive properties, and a reduction in myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure,
according to some research (Rabito & Kaye, 2013). In individuals with acute myocardial
infarction, red ginseng extract increases absolute numbers of different circulating angiogenic
cells and enhances coronary flow reserve (Kim, 2012). These findings collectively imply that
ginseng may increase blood flow by preventing platelet aggregation and coagulation activity
(Kim, 2012). The usage of ginseng was long thought to cause harmful blood pressure levels
(Kim, 2012). Ginseng can raise blood pressure, although often only when there is a low blood
pressure level present, helping to bring blood pressure back to normal. Ginseng also reduces
excessive blood pressure (Kim, 2012). When an organism is stressed, ginseng has been utilized
to treat heart failure and to prevent tissue damage (Kim, 2012). Ginseng, particularly Korean red
ginseng, is used as an anti-thrombotic and fibrinolytic drug because of studies showing that it
inhibits platelet aggregation and endotoxin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation
(Kim, 2012). Morning diarrhea, skin eruption, anxiety, restlessness, hypertension, edema, reduced appetite, depression, and hypotension are some of the side effects of ginseng (Paik &
Lee, 2015). Affective disorder, allergies, renal toxicity, vaginal hemorrhage, and reproductive
toxicity have also been reported (Paik & Lee, 2015). Due to its anticoagulant properties, ginseng
and warfarin may interact (Paik & Lee, 2015). High dosages and prolonged use have been linked
to these negative side effects (Paik & Lee, 2015). Overall, ginseng is thought to be a safe and
nontoxic substance, while the safety concerns need to be clarified (Paik & Lee, 2015). Having
open communication with patients regarding the effects of ginseng and potential medication
interactions is imperative. Additionally, patients should be advised to speak with their primary
care physicians before beginning any supplement use. If a patient is also taking ACE inhibitors,
calcium channel blockers, insulin, attention deficit disorder medicines, MAOIs, Lasix, and
acetaminophen, ginseng should not be taken (American Ginseng: Medlineplus Supplements,
2021). This multidisciplinary approach can significantly lessen unwanted side effects that can
damage patients (Cambria et al., 2022).
Hawthorne
For patients with chronic heart failure, hawthorn leaf and flower extracts are
recommended as an oral therapy alternative; in fact, the German Commission E approved the use
of hawthorn extracts in patients with heart failure graded stage II (Rabito & Kaye, 2013).
Comparing hawthorn extract to a placebo, researchers found that it alleviated symptoms like
weariness and shortness of breath while also improving exercise tolerance and beneficially
reducing cardiac oxygen use (Rabito & Kaye, 2013). In people with left ventricular ejection
fractions between 25% and 35%, hawthorn therapy may lessen abrupt cardiac fatalities (Rabito
& Kaye, 2013). Hawthorn products have gained popularity as herbal supplements for cardio
therapeutic purposes, including cardiovascular protection, endothelium-dependentvasorelaxation, improvement of coronary circulation, and hypolipidemic effects, etc. These
products are used to improve cardiac function and treat hypertension, arrhythmia, and
cholesterolemia (Han et al., 2011). Hawthorn was shown in research to increase exercise
tolerance just as well as captopril. The lowest effective daily dose of hawthorn extract, as shown
by ergometric performance metrics, is 300 mg. In most trials, 6 to 8 weeks of treatment were
necessary to achieve the maximal effect (Han et al., 2011). Hawthorn side effects might include
nausea, dizziness, and digestive issues (Hawthorn, 2020). Hawthorn may negatively interact with
various medicines, particularly some cardiac meds (Hawthorn, 2020). If a patient is using
Digoxin, beta-blockers, CCBs, phenylephrine, drugs for erectile dysfunction, or nitrates,
hawthorn should not be used (Hawthorn Information, 2022). Hawthorne should never be given
to children or women who are expecting or nursing (Hawthorn Information, 2022). Like with
any other herbal treatment, usage needs to be disclosed to the doctor.
L-Arginine
L-arginine is an amino acid that aids in protein synthesis in the body (Fletcher, 2022).
Nitric oxide is also released into the circulation (Fletcher, 2022). Nitric oxide helps several
circulatory problems by widening blood vessels in the circulation (Fletcher, 2022). L-arginine is
one of several amino acids required by the body for healthy function. The heart and muscles
might benefit from taking it as a supplement (Fletcher, 2022). L-impact arginine’s on the
cardiovascular system can lessen chest discomfort, improve exercise comfort, lower blood
pressure, and improve overall blood flow in the body (L-arginine: Overview, Uses, Side Effects,
Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews, 2022). L-arginine is advantageous because it
promotes heart health, eases chest discomfort, aids in muscular growth, heals wounds, and
enhances male fertility (Fletcher, 2022). Additional advantages include lowering blood sugar, reducing digestive tract irritation, and treating genetic urea synthesis abnormalities (Fletcher,
2022). L-arginine usage is associated with dangers; however, the majority of studies shows that
lower dosages are generally safe for most people (Fletcher, 2022). For some populations, Larginine
has some potentially substantial dangers. Reduced blood pressure, an elevated risk of
dying from a heart attack, interactions with some drugs, such as sildenafil (Viagra), renal damage
from long-term supplementation, and the ability to promote tumor growth are some of these
(Fletcher, 2022). Through nutrition, one can naturally acquire L-Arginine. It is impossible to
receive too much L-arginine by food, which is a significant benefit (Fletcher, 2022).
Consequently, a person may often avoid some of the negative effects of taking too much Larginine
(Fletcher, 2022).
St. John’s Wort
A native of Europe with yellow, star-shaped blooms, St. John’s wort is frequently used to
treat depression but can have dangerous interactions with other medications (St. John’s Wort:
Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews, 2022). St. John’s
Wort is one of the forbidden herbs if you’re taking any other drugs since it might alter how the
liver processes pharmaceuticals (Bongiorno, 2011). High dose hypericum extract has been
demonstrated to be less harmful to the heart than tricyclic antidepressants (such Elavil,
Imipramine, and Amitriptyline) for people with cardiac electrical difficulties (such as
arrhythmias) or in older patients with heart problems (Bongiorno, 2011). Some experts believe it
makes sense to utilize St. John’s wort as a first line treatment for cardiac patients who have
depression as a result (Bongiorno, 2011). St. John’s wort may lessen how much digoxin is
absorbed by the body, which would reduce digoxin’s efficacy (St. John’s Wort: Overview, Uses,
Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews, 2022). According to two furthertrials, St. John’s wort may even enable patients to reduce the dosage of the blood thinner Plavix
and may be beneficial for the 20% of patients who are treatment-resistant (Bongiorno, 2011). St.
John’s Wort can render many medicines ineffective by accelerating the rate at which the body
breaks down pharmaceuticals. These medicines include, among others, birth control pills,
HIV/Aids drugs, dilantin, and coumadin (St. John’s Wort: Overview, Uses, Side Effects,
Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews, 2022). St. John’s wort is probably safe when
used orally in amounts up to 900 mg daily for up to 12 weeks (St. John’s Wort: Overview, Uses,
Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews, 2022). It may have some negative
side effects, including tingling in the skin, dizziness, difficulty sleeping, and diarrhea (St. John’s
Wort: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews, 2022). It can
result in serious skin responses following exposure to the sun when applied to the skin (St.
John’s Wort: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews,
2022). Taking St. John’s Wort while pregnant might potentially result in birth abnormalities (St.
John’s Wort: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews,
2022). France has outlawed the use of this nutritional supplement despite it being offered in the
United States owing to potential medication interactions (St. John’s Wort: Overview, Uses, Side
Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews, 2022). St. John’s Wort usage requires a
prescription in several nations (St. John’s Wort: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions,
Interactions, Dosing and Reviews, 2022).
Conclusion
In the United States, about one-third of individuals utilize complementary and alternative
medicine (CAM), yet fewer than 40% report this to their doctor and other healthcare
professionals (Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States, 2005). Women aremore likely than men to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies; use
appears to rise with education level; use patterns differ by race depending on the type of CAM
therapy considered; and those who use CAM typically combine more than one CAM modality
with traditional medical care (Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States,
2005). It is crucial for medical experts to guarantee the efficacy and safety of CAM therapy. The
effects of ginseng, hawthorn, L-arginine, and St. John’s Wort and their influence on heart health
have been covered in this essay. All pertinent health professionals should include advances in
CAM understanding and use that result from fundamental or clinical research in their preprofessional
and continuing education programs (Complementary and Alternative Medicine in
the United States, 2005).
References
American ginseng: Medlineplus supplements. (2021, October 26). National Library of Medicine.
Retrieved November 13, 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/967.html
Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (2021). Pharmacotherapeutics
for advanced practice: A practical approach (Fifth, North American ed.). LWW.
Bongiorno, P. (2011, March 24). St. john’s wort: Good for the mind and heart. Psychology
Today. Retrieved November 13, 2022, from
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/inner-source/201103/st-john-s-wort-good-themind-
and-heart#:~:text=John’s%20wort%20may%20be%20gaining,the%20heart%20than
%20traditional%20antidepressants.
Cambria, C., Sabir, S., & Shorter, I. C. (2022). Ginseng. StatPearls. Retrieved November 13,
2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538198/
Complementary and alternative medicine in the United States. (2005). National Library of
Medicine. Retrieved November 13, 2022, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK83803/
Fletcher, J. (2022, May 24). L-arginine: Potential benefits, side effects, and risks. Medical News
Today. Retrieved November 13, 2022, from
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/l-arginine#interactions
Han, J., Tan, D., & Liu, G. (2011). Hawthorn – a health food. Applied Mechanics and Materials,
140, 350–354. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.140.350
Hawthorn. (2020, August). NCCIH. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/hawthorn#:~:text=Side
%20effects%20of%20hawthorn%20can,consult%20your%20health%20care%20provider.
